18. Tocantins State
Capital: Palmas
Nestled in the central-northern interior of Brazil, Tocantins occupies the country’s geographical heart. This vast expanse is predominantly lowland, with an average elevation ranging from 100 to 400 meters. Historically, Portuguese Jesuit missionaries were among the first Europeans to explore this region. Over time, it became part of northern Goiás before being established as a new state under the Brazilian Constitution.
City Introduction – Palmas: The vibrant capital of Tocantins State, Palmas stands proudly at Brazil’s geographic center, on the edge of the majestic Amazon rainforest. Founded in 1989, the city was originally home to the indigenous Krahô people. Blessed with a tropical climate, Palmas enjoys warm temperatures year-round, averaging around 25°C.
Its cultural tapestry is rich and diverse, offering culinary delights like “peixe na telha” (tile-roasted fish). Key attractions include:
① Praia da Graciosa: A paradise of golden sands and crystal-clear waters, perfect for swimming and sunbathing.
② Taquaruçu Waterfall: A breathtaking natural wonder showcasing the region’s stunning waterfalls.
③ Indigenous Park: A gateway into the fascinating culture and traditions of the local indigenous communities.
④ Araguaia Palace: A historic building steeped in the legacy of the region.
19. Mato Grosso State
Capital: Cuiabá
Situated in the central-western region of Brazil, Mato Grosso boasts a diverse landscape that includes tropical highlands, sprawling wetlands, and lush rainforests. Located within the tropics, its climate reflects a classic tropical rainforest pattern. Originally inhabited by the Bororo people, the area later fell under Portuguese influence.
The discovery of gold mines drew waves of colonizers, leading to its establishment as a governorate. Eventually, it split to form Mato Grosso do Sul.
City Introduction – Cuiabá: As the dynamic capital of Mato Grosso State, Cuiabá traces its origins back to gold miners who settled along the Cuiabá River. Later designated as the state capital, the city lies on the left bank of the Cuiabá River, which serves as the upper source of the Paraguay River and marks the geometric center of South America.
A melting pot of European, African, and indigenous American influences, Cuiabá offers a unique cultural blend. Notable attractions include:
① Pantanal Wetlands: One of the world’s largest wetlands, teeming with incredible biodiversity.
② Chapada dos Guimarães National Park: A geological marvel featuring dramatic sandstone cliffs, cascading waterfalls, and pristine streams.
③ Arena Pantanal: A landmark stadium that served as one of the venues for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.
20. Rondônia State
Capital: Porto Velho
Set against the backdrop of Brazil’s northwestern Amazon forest region, Rondônia is home to most of its residents living along the Madeira River. Originally inhabited by indigenous tribes, parts of Amazonas and Mato Grosso merged in 1943 to form the Guaporé region, which was later renamed Rondônia and eventually achieved statehood.
City Introduction – Porto Velho: Known simply as Porto Velho, this city sits in the upper reaches of the Amazon River basin deep within Brazil’s interior. Established by the pioneers of the Madeira-Mamoré Railway, Porto Velho has grown into a vital trading hub, with its economy largely driven by cassiterite mining.
The local culture bears a strong influence from the northeast, enriched by vibrant traditions such as the Bumba Meu Boi festival and captivating interpretations of Indigenous American legends. The city boasts seven football teams, with the Aluízio Ferreira Stadium serving as the premier sports hub in Porto Velho.
Key attractions include: ① The Madeira River, a major tributary of the Amazon, offering breathtaking glimpses into the lush tropical rainforest. ② The Amazon Rainforest, home to one of the world’s largest expanses of tropical wilderness, teeming with extraordinary biodiversity.
